浙南室内水泥池刺参度夏试验

通过自然常温饲育和人工控温(23.6±0.5)℃的降温饲育,研究了3种规格体质量(10、20、50个/kg)刺参于浙江南部海区室内水泥池的度夏。结果表明,常温饲育下,3种规格的刺参体质量均呈负增长,且特定负生长率随着刺参体质量的增加而升高;降温饲育下,10个/kg与20个/kg体质量刺参组呈负增长,而50个/kg体质量刺参组略呈正增长,第30 d与第60 d的特定生长率分别为0.0496%与0.0513%。降温(23.6±0.5)℃饲育能有效提高刺参度夏时的存活率,有效降低刺参的特定负生长率,且刺参体质量越大,有效降低的体质量下降幅度也越大。在浙江南部海区室内水泥池养殖刺参,温度保持在(23.6±0.5)℃时,50个/kg的刺参不夏眠。     

匙吻鲟大规格鱼种培育技术研究

2011年4月～6月，从湖北引进平均全长8mm，平均体重0．006g的匙吻鲟（Polyodon spathuk）水花50000尾，进行了大规格鱼种培育技术研究。苗种培育前期主要采用枝角类作为生物饵料，当鱼苗全长达到50mm时开始进行人工微颗粒配合饲料驯化，经一周左右驯化，鱼苗均可摄食微颗粒配合饲料。经过48d培育，鱼苗平均全长为186mm，平均体重为25．635g，存活率达57．8％，取得了较好的培育效果。     

Relationship between nutritional and rearing parameters of Octopus maya juveniles fed with different rations of crab paste

To study the effect of feed ration on rearing and nutritional conditions of Octopus maya juveniles (7–10 days old), two groups of octopuses were fed on 10% and 30% rations, using a crab paste agglutinated with gelatine, when compared to another control group fed ad libitum on crab muscle tissue. The agglutinated diet was well accepted by the octopuses at this early stage. When considered together, the marginally higher survival of the 30% group and probably higher levels of the other rearing performance parameters (growth and feeding rate) indicate that this feed ration is more adequate than a 10% feed ration for rearing O. maya under these conditions. Octopuses fed 30% also generally showed higher total energy per gram of arm tissue and oxygen consumption, as well as different proteolytic activity. In addition, the mentioned nutritional differences influenced by the feed ration were found to be statistically correlated to the promoted growth and the end survival and feeding rates.     

Intensive rearing of juvenile crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus,Astacidae) during the first 6 months: effects of size grading

Recent advances in crayfish feeding have enabled the development of size grading studies from the start of first‐feeding. A 180‐day experiment aimed at intensive rearing of Pacifastacus leniusculus was carried out under controlled conditions, evaluating the effects of size grading at two different periods from the onset of exogenous feeding. Stage 2 juveniles were stocked in fibreglass tanks at a density of 100 m², and fed a dry diet for salmonids combined with restricted amounts of Artemia cysts. Five groups were tested: no grading, grading at 60 days (large and small size) and grading at 100 days (large and small size). After 6 months, no significant differences were found in the survival among groups (mean: 73.06%). The highest final growth (pooled results from upper and lower classes: 17.39 mm carapace length, 1.43 g weight) was achieved by the crayfish sorted at 60 days, showing significant differences from the ungraded group. Smaller crayfish graded at 60 days grew significantly faster than smaller crayfish graded at 100 days. The food conversion ratio was lower in the graded groups (mean: 2.64), showing significant differences from the ungraded group (3.23). This study shows that size grading allows a better performance and an improved feeding efficiency.     

育成期饲粮代谢能水平对开产时如皋黄鸡生长发育的影响

本试验旨在研究8～18周龄饲粮代谢能(ME)水平对8周龄至开产时(20周龄)如皋黄鸡生长性能以及屠体、内脏器官、鸡冠、骨骼、消化道和繁殖器官发育的影响。试验选用8周龄体况良好、体重接近的如皋黄鸡360只,随机分成3组,每组8个重复,每个重复15只鸡。8～18周龄,试验鸡分别饲喂ME水平为10.88、11.30和11.72 MJ·kg^-1、其它营养素水平相同的试验饲粮,18周龄～开产(20周龄),各组试验鸡均饲喂相同营养水平的预产期试验饲粮。试验期12周。结果表明：1)随8～18周龄饲粮ME水平增加,蛋鸡18周龄体重、8～18周龄平均日增重(ADG)和平均日代谢能摄入量(MEi)均显著线性增加(P<0.05),8～18周龄和8～20周龄料重比(F/G)和粗蛋白质转化比(CPCR)均显著线性减小(P<0.05)。2)8～18周龄饲粮ME水平对18和20周龄如皋黄鸡屠体、内脏器官和消化道发育均无显著影响(P>0.05)。3)18周龄蛋鸡胫骨重和胫骨率均随8～18周龄饲粮ME水平增加先减小后增加(P<0.05)。8～18周龄饲粮ME水平对18周龄鸡冠和股骨以及20周龄鸡冠、胫骨和股骨发育均无显著影响(P>0.05)。4)18周龄蛋鸡卵巢基质指数和小黄卵泡指数均随8～18周龄饲粮ME水平增加显著线性增加(P<0.05),8～18周龄饲粮ME水平对18周龄其它繁殖器官以及20周龄各繁殖器官发育均无显著影响(P>0.05)。由此可知,8～18周龄饲粮ME水平为11.72 MJ·kg^-1时,能显著增加18周龄体重和8～18周龄ADG,改善8～18周龄F/G和CPCR,促进卵巢基质和小黄卵泡发育,但饲粮ME水平对开产时(20周龄)蛋鸡生长发育指标均无显著影响。本研究表明,将蛋鸡育成期和预产期结合研究具有更重要的实践意义。     

基于血浆非靶代谢组学探究急性笼养应激对蛋鸭代谢的影响

随着环保政策改革和养殖业的集约化、规模化发展,蛋鸭叠层式笼养模式的应用越来越广泛,笼养应激对蛋鸭的影响逐渐受到重视。本研究旨在利用非靶向代谢组学分析蛋鸭平养与笼养模式下血浆代谢物的差异。随机挑选平养组(floor-water rearing system,FWR组)和叠层式笼养组(cage-rearing system,CR组)蛋鸭各10只,跖骨静脉采血,通过高效液相色谱-质谱(HPLC-HRMS)非靶向代谢组学技术获得20个在不同饲养模式下的血浆代谢物图谱,经T检验等分析,取差异倍数(Fold-change) ratio≥2或ratio≤1/2、变量重要性(variable importance in projection,VIP)＞1、q值＜0.05为筛选条件得到显著差异代谢物并作通路富集分析。结果共筛选到差异代谢物30种,其中上调表达的差异代谢物14种(P＜0.05),下调表达的差异代谢物16种(P＜0.05)。差异代谢物种类主要有甘油磷脂(glycerophospholipids,16种)、脂肪酰基(fatty acyls,4种)、羧酸及其衍生物(carboxylic acids and derivatives,2种),还包括苯丙酸、酚类、有机硫酸及其衍生物、甾醇脂质、嘌呤核苷、有机氧化合物、类固醇和类固醇衍生物、有机磺酸及其衍生物等代谢物;共富集到4条差异代谢通路：初级胆汁酸生物合成、甘油磷脂代谢通路发生极显著富集(P＜0.01);次级胆汁酸生物合成、牛磺酸和亚牛磺酸代谢通路发生显著富集(P＜0.05)。综上,非靶向代谢组学分析得到平养组和叠层式笼养组蛋鸭血浆中胆汁酸、牛磺酸以及甘油磷脂等显著差异,为后续深入探讨笼养模式影响蛋鸭的健康机制,解决蛋鸭笼养应激提供理论基础,促进水禽笼养技术的发展和推广。     

小蚕颗粒人工饲料育实用化探讨

本文就小蚕颗粒人工饲料育问题,探讨了颗粒饲料育小蚕质量的评价指标,分析了小蚕人工饲料育的优势及推广应用前景,介绍了近几年小蚕颗粒人工饲料育生产技术应用和示范情况,提出了今后在实用化中需要进一步研发的方向。     

规模养蚕新技术的研究Ⅰ.大棚养蚕温湿度对蚕茧产质量的影响

试验调查了大棚养蚕春、夏大蚕期与蔟中的温湿度变化,以探索有利于大棚养蚕的饲养技术与小气候调节技术.棚内温湿度变化对蚕茧产质量的影响比较分析表明,春期5龄后期和上蔟初期,35～38.8℃的高温对蚕茧产质量有较大影响;夏蚕期棚内温度明显高于春蚕期,最高超过40℃,连续高温持续时间长,昼夜温差大.根据春、夏期不同的气候特点,春期大棚上蔟初期要重点进行降温排湿,夏期重点进行降温.     

用人工饲料育进行家蚕一代杂交种的杂交率检验初报

用人工饲料育对21个家蚕品种进行了调查,收蚁24h疏毛率最高的是菁松×皓月,达到9988%,最低的是春·蕾×锡·,为7807%,大部分品种收蚁48h疏毛率达到98%以上。分析供试家蚕品种的蚁蚕疏毛率、杂交率的检验结果和饲料成本认为,菁松×皓月、春·蕾×镇·珠、苏·镇×春·光、鲁7×9202、781×782·734、871×872等适合用人工饲料育进行一代杂交种的杂交率检验。